Background of the Study
Anemia remains a significant maternal health challenge in Nigeria, with pregnant women particularly at risk due to increased iron demands, poor nutritional intake, and parasitic infections such as malaria and hookworm (WHO, 2024). According to the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS, 2023), over 50% of pregnant women in northern Nigeria, including Sokoto State, suffer from anemia, contributing to maternal morbidity and adverse birth outcomes (Ogunyemi & Bello, 2024).
Maternal anemia is associated with complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and increased maternal mortality. Despite ongoing public health interventions, including iron supplementation and antenatal care programs, anemia prevalence remains high, raising concerns about the effectiveness of current strategies (Adepoju et al., 2024).
This study aims to investigate the relationship between anemia and maternal health outcomes in Sokoto State, assessing risk factors, health implications, and potential intervention strategies.
Statement of the Problem
High maternal anemia prevalence in Sokoto State poses significant risks to maternal and child health. Poor dietary habits, inadequate antenatal care, and infections contribute to anemia, yet many affected women remain undiagnosed and untreated (Ogunyemi & Bello, 2024).
While studies have examined the general impact of anemia on pregnancy, limited research has been conducted specifically in Sokoto State. There is a need for localized data to understand the specific risk factors and health consequences of anemia among pregnant women in this region (Adepoju et al., 2024).
This study seeks to bridge this gap by analyzing the link between anemia and maternal health outcomes in Sokoto State, providing insights to improve maternal healthcare policies and interventions.
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Sokoto State.
2. To examine the impact of anemia on maternal health outcomes, including birth complications.
3. To assess the effectiveness of antenatal interventions in preventing and managing maternal anemia.
Research Questions
1. What is the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Sokoto State?
2. How does anemia affect maternal health and pregnancy outcomes?
3. How effective are antenatal interventions in reducing maternal anemia?
Research Hypotheses
1. The prevalence of maternal anemia in Sokoto State is significantly higher than the national average.
2. Anemia is a major contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes in Sokoto State.
3. Antenatal interventions, including iron supplementation, significantly reduce maternal anemia rates.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on anemia prevalence and its impact on maternal health in Sokoto State. It will analyze hospital records, antenatal clinic data, and national health surveys. The study will assess both urban and rural healthcare settings.
Limitations may include variations in anemia diagnostic criteria, potential recall bias in self-reported dietary intake, and challenges in accessing comprehensive maternal health records.
Definitions of Terms
• Anemia: A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen supply to body tissues.
• Maternal Health: The well-being of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.
• Antenatal Care: Healthcare services provided to pregnant women to monitor and improve maternal and fetal health.
• Iron Supplementation: The provision of iron tablets or dietary interventions to prevent or treat anemia in pregnancy.
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